All Fours by Miranda July – Summary & Review

Introduction:

Miranda July, the celebrated filmmaker, performance artist, and writer, returns with “All Fours,” a novel that dives headfirst into the complexities of midlife awakening and societal expectations. This isn’t just another book; it’s an exploration, a confrontation, and a darkly comedic journey through the messy realities of desire, identity, and freedom. Readlogy’s in-depth review unpacks the layers of “All Fours,” providing a comprehensive guide for readers curious about July’s latest literary offering, ensuring you understand every facet of this thought-provoking work. Dive in to discover if “All Fours” resonates with your reading preferences and whether this is your next must-read.

1. What is “All Fours” by Miranda July About? – Unpacking the Plot

1.1. A Summary of “All Fours”: Journey into Self-Discovery and Chaos

“All Fours” chronicles the life-altering spontaneous road trip of a 45-year-old Los Angeles-based artist, grappling with a stalled creative life and a comfortable, yet stifling, marriage. Seeking to escape the monotony and spark change, she impulsively drives to California’s Mojave Desert, a seemingly simple act that unravels a complex tapestry of self-discovery, unexpected encounters, and comedic misadventures. This escape sets the stage for a profound exploration of female desire, societal expectations, and the search for personal liberation. Let’s delve deeper into the specifics of this transformative journey.

1.1.1. The Inciting Incident: Escape to LA and a Shift in Perspective

The protagonist, unnamed throughout the novel to enhance its universality, finds herself at a standstill, both artistically and personally. Living in the familiar yet suffocating environment of Los Angeles, she feels a creeping sense of unease and dissatisfaction with her routine and marriage. The catalyst for change is remarkably mundane yet powerfully resonant: a seemingly innocuous errand, needing to purchase a specific type of bolt. This simple task, juxtaposed with her internal yearning for something more, triggers an abrupt decision: instead of simply buying the bolt, she’ll embark on an impromptu drive to the desert. This impulsive act is less about the bolt itself and more about the symbolic breaking of chains, a desperate need for autonomy and a desperate flight from a life that feels increasingly pre-scripted. This initial act of rebellion propels her into uncharted territories of self-exploration.

1.1.2. Navigating the Labyrinth: Plot Twists and Turns

Once in the Mojave Desert, the protagonist’s journey quickly veers away from the predictable road trip narrative. Her experiences become increasingly surreal and absurd, mirroring the internal chaos she is experiencing. She doesn’t find serene landscapes and introspective solitude as much as she stumbles into a series of awkward, often humorous, encounters with strangers. These encounters serve as mirrors reflecting different facets of her own desires and anxieties. A significant plot element is her intense, almost obsessive, sexual encounter with a stranger in a motel room, which acts as a crucial turning point. This isn’t presented as a romantic affair but as a raw, primal experience that awakens a long-dormant part of herself. The narrative is punctuated by flashbacks to her domestic life in LA, offering stark contrasts between her past routine and her present impulsive actions. These juxtapositions emphasize the deep-seated longings she had been suppressing. July masterfully uses these unpredictable plot twists to dismantle conventional notions of a ‘journey of self-discovery,’ making it messier, funnier, and profoundly human.

1.1.3. The Climax and Resolution (or Lack Thereof): What Happens in the End?

“All Fours” intentionally avoids a neatly tied-up resolution, mirroring the ongoing and often ambiguous nature of self-discovery itself. The book doesn’t culminate in a dramatic confrontation or a clear-cut life transformation. Instead, it presents a more realistic and nuanced conclusion. The protagonist’s desert escapade doesn’t solve all her problems, nor does it offer definitive answers. She returns to Los Angeles, forever changed, but not completely ‘fixed’. The lasting impact lies in the shift in her perspective and the undeniable stirring of self-awareness. The ending suggests an ongoing process, an awakening rather than a complete transformation. It’s about acknowledging the messiness of life, embracing the unresolved questions, and recognizing the bravery in simply acknowledging one’s desires, even if the path forward remains unclear. This ambiguous yet hopeful conclusion invites readers to contemplate their own journeys of self-discovery and the often-uncomfortable truths they might unearth. Does this open ending leave you pondering your own path to self-discovery?

1.2. Who are the Main Characters in “All Fours”? Meeting the Cast

While “All Fours” centers predominantly around its unnamed protagonist, the novel features a cast of supporting characters who, though briefly appearing, play crucial roles in illuminating different aspects of her journey and the thematic concerns of the book. These characters are not just background figures but serve as catalysts, reflections, and contrasts to the protagonist’s evolving self. Understanding these figures deepens the appreciation for the novel’s exploration of identity and relationships. Let’s meet the individuals populating this narrative landscape.

1.2.1. The Protagonist: A Deep Dive into the Unnamed Artist and Her Key Traits

The protagonist’s anonymity is a deliberate choice by July, encouraging readers to see themselves and universal experiences reflected in her journey. She is a 45-year-old artist living in Los Angeles, known for her conceptual, often performance-based, work. At the story’s outset, she is experiencing a significant creative block and a sense of emotional stagnation. Key traits defining her include:

• Intellectually Driven: She’s highly articulate and introspective, constantly analyzing her feelings and the world around her. Her inner monologue is rich with observations, often laced with dry humor and cynicism.

• Passively Dissatisfied: Before her desert escape, she exists in a state of quiet discontent, maintaining a veneer of normalcy in her marriage while internally yearning for change and excitement.

• Sexually Repressed (Initially): Her spontaneous sexual encounter in the motel highlights a previously unexplored or suppressed aspect of her identity, acting as a major catalyst for her self-discovery.

• Comically Self-Aware: Even in moments of intense vulnerability or absurdity, she possesses a sharp self-awareness, often commenting on her own behavior and the strangeness of her situations with a wry, humorous detachment.

• Yearning for Authenticity: Underneath her composed exterior lies a deep desire for genuine experiences and emotions, driving her impulsive decision to flee and seek something ‘more’ in the desert.

• Existentially Anxious: She grapples with questions of purpose, identity, and the meaning of her life in midlife, making her journey deeply existential.

Her unnamed nature transforms her into a symbol – representing many women navigating similar crossroads in their lives, making her struggles and revelations universally resonant. Do you see aspects of yourself reflected in this protagonist’s quest?

1.2.2. Supporting Characters: Roles and Relationships Explored

While the narrative spotlight shines on the protagonist, the supporting cast provides essential context and counterpoints. These characters, though not deeply developed, are each significant for the role they play in the protagonist’s journey:

• Her Husband: Portrayed as a loving but somewhat predictable and emotionally unavailable partner. Their marriage is characterized by comfort and routine rather than passionate connection. He represents the life she is attempting to escape and the societal norms she is questioning.

• The Motel Stranger (Brigitte): A younger woman whom the protagonist meets at the motel and has a transformative sexual encounter with. Brigitte represents raw desire and impulsivity, contrasting sharply with the protagonist’s restrained and intellectualized approach to life. Their encounter unlocks something profound within the protagonist, igniting her journey of sexual and personal awakening.

• Her Therapist: Appears briefly through flashbacks to therapy sessions. She symbolizes the conventional methods of self-help and introspection that the protagonist finds ultimately insufficient for her deeper needs. The therapy scenes highlight the protagonist’s skepticism toward easy answers and her inclination to seek more radical forms of self-exploration.

• Various Desert Encounters: Throughout her journey, the protagonist interacts with a series of transient figures – gas station attendants, fellow motel guests, and roadside individuals. These fleeting encounters often embody a sense of otherness or unconventionality, reinforcing the theme of breaking away from societal norms and venturing into the unknown. They are brief mirrors, showing the protagonist different ways of living and being.

These supporting characters, while not center stage, are strategically placed to amplify the protagonist’s internal conflicts and external explorations, making “All Fours” a rich tapestry of interactions, each contributing to her overarching quest for self-understanding. Are these supporting roles effectively enhancing the protagonist’s journey in your view?

2. What Makes “All Fours” a Miranda July Novel? – Exploring Themes and Style

2.1. Signature July: Identifying Recurring Themes

Miranda July’s works, spanning film, performance, and literature, are consistently characterized by a unique thematic fingerprint. “All Fours” is no exception, weaving together threads of existentialism, modern alienation, and a distinctively quirky, often uncomfortable, humor. July’s thematic preoccupations are not just intellectual exercises; they resonate deeply with contemporary anxieties and yearnings. What are the central themes that solidify “All Fours” as quintessential Miranda July? Let’s unpack the core ideas pulsing through this novel.

2.1.1. Existentialism and Identity Crisis: Who Are We Really?

At its core, “All Fours” grapples with existential questions of identity, purpose, and authenticity in midlife. The protagonist’s spontaneous escape is driven by a profound sense of unease and a questioning of her established identity as an artist, wife, and woman. She’s not merely experiencing a midlife crisis in the cliché sense, but a deeper existential reckoning.

• Challenging Pre-set Roles: The novel questions the societal scripts and expectations that define women’s lives, particularly in middle age. The protagonist feels confined by the roles she has unconsciously adopted, and her journey is about breaking free to define herself anew.

• The Search for Authentic Self: Her actions are propelled by a longing to uncover her ‘true’ self, stripped away from the layers of societal conditioning and domestic routine. The desert becomes a liminal space where she can confront this search in its rawest form.

• Embracing the Absurd: July infuses existential themes with a touch of absurdity, reflecting the inherent meaninglessness that can underlie existence. The often-comical and awkward encounters highlight the inherent strangeness of human experience.

• Personal Meaning-Making: The novel suggests that meaning is not something pre-ordained or discovered but rather something individuals must actively create for themselves in a seemingly indifferent universe. The protagonist’s journey, despite its lack of definitive answers, is a step toward this personal meaning-making.

This existential core makes “All Fours” more than just a story of a woman going on a road trip; it is a poignant reflection on the ongoing human struggle to define oneself in a world often lacking inherent meaning. Does the novel’s exploration of existential angst resonate with your own contemplations on identity?

2.1.2. Intimacy and Isolation in the Modern World: Connecting or Drifting?

Miranda July’s works often explore the paradox of modern connection—how technology and societal structures meant to bring us closer can sometimes amplify feelings of isolation. “All Fours” intricately examines this duality, especially in the context of long-term relationships and individual identity.

• Marital Estrangement: The protagonist’s marriage, while presented as amicable, is characterized by emotional distance and routine, symbolizing a form of comfortable isolation. This highlights how intimacy can erode over time, even in seemingly stable partnerships.

• Fleeting Connections: Her encounters in the desert, particularly the sexual encounter with Brigitte, represent brief moments of intense connection that contrast sharply with her ongoing marital isolation. These fleeting moments raise questions about the nature of true intimacy versus transient encounters.

• Communication and Miscommunication: July’s characters often struggle to articulate their deepest feelings and needs, leading to miscommunication and emotional gaps. This is subtly woven into the narrative through dialogue and internal monologues, emphasizing the challenges of genuine connection.

• Loneliness amidst Crowds: Even in urban spaces (implied from her LA life), there is a sense of underlying loneliness. The protagonist’s escape to the desert can be seen as both a flight from and an embodiment of this modern alienation.

“All Fours” portrays intimacy and isolation not as mutually exclusive states but as interwoven aspects of modern life. The novel probes into how we navigate the spaces between connection and distance, both with others and within ourselves. Do you find July’s portrayal of modern intimacy reflective of contemporary relationship dynamics?

2.1.3. Female Sexuality and Societal Expectations: Breaking Boundaries

A significant and provocative theme in “All Fours” is its frank exploration of female sexuality, particularly within the context of societal expectations placed on women, especially in midlife. July challenges conventional narratives around female desire and agency, presenting a protagonist who actively reclaims her sexuality on her own terms.

• Challenging Sexual Taboos: The novel directly confronts societal discomfort and silence around female desire and sexuality, especially outside of romantic contexts or youth. The protagonist’s sexual encounter is raw and unconventional, deliberately challenging normative portrayals.

• Reclaiming Agency: For the protagonist, exploring her sexuality is an act of reclaiming personal agency and control over her own body and desires. It’s about self-discovery through physical experience, beyond societal prescriptions of female sexuality as passive or solely reproductive.

• Midlife Sexual Awakening: The book addresses the often-untapped potential for sexual awakening in midlife, particularly for women who may have prioritized other aspects of their identity earlier in life. It suggests that sexual exploration is not limited by age or marital status.

• Separating Sex from Romance: July deliberately detaches the protagonist’s sexual experience from romantic love narratives, emphasizing sex as a primal, personal act of exploration and self-discovery. This subverts the romanticization of sex prevalent in popular culture.

Through its unflinching portrayal of female desire and sexual exploration, “All Fours” pushes boundaries and invites a broader conversation about women’s sexuality beyond conventional limitations. Do you find this exploration of female sexuality to be a powerful and necessary aspect of the novel?

2.1.4. Humor and Absurdity: Finding Lightness in the Dark

Miranda July’s signature style blends poignant observations with a distinctly quirky and often uncomfortable humor. In “All Fours,” this comedic sensibility is not just for levity but serves a deeper thematic purpose, allowing the novel to tackle serious existential and societal themes without succumbing to bleakness.

• Dark Comedy: The humor is frequently dark and ironic, arising from awkward social situations, internal contradictions, and the inherent absurdity of human behavior. This dark humor provides a critical lens on societal norms and individual anxieties.

• Observational Wit: Much of the humor derives from the protagonist’s sharp, often cynical, observations about herself and the world. Her internal monologue is peppered with witty remarks and sardonic insights.

• Absurdist Encounters: The encounters she has in the desert are often tinged with absurdity, mirroring the chaotic and unpredictable nature of life itself. These encounters range from strange and uncomfortable to downright comical, highlighting the inherent randomness of existence.

• Humor as Coping Mechanism: For the protagonist, and perhaps for July herself, humor functions as a coping mechanism for dealing with existential anxieties and uncomfortable truths. It allows for a lightness of touch even when addressing profound themes.

The comedic elements in “All Fours” prevent the novel from becoming overly heavy or didactic, making its explorations of complex themes accessible and engaging. This blend of humor and pathos is a hallmark of July’s work, making it both thought-provoking and entertainingly unconventional. Does July’s use of humor enhance or detract from the novel’s serious themes in your reading experience?

2.1.5. Vulnerability and Self-Awareness: The Power of Honesty

Underpinning all the themes in “All Fours” is a profound exploration of vulnerability and self-awareness. Miranda July’s protagonist, despite her intellectual armor and comedic detachment, allows herself to be profoundly vulnerable throughout her journey. This vulnerability becomes a source of strength and a catalyst for genuine self-discovery.

• Emotional Honesty: The narrative is characterized by its raw emotional honesty. The protagonist doesn’t shy away from portraying her insecurities, anxieties, and desires, even when they are unflattering or socially unconventional.

• Confronting Internal Contradictions: The novel openly presents the protagonist’s internal contradictions and flaws. She is not portrayed as a heroic figure on a quest but as a deeply flawed and relatable individual grappling with her own complexities.

• Vulnerability as Strength: In a culture that often equates vulnerability with weakness, “All Fours” subtly suggests that embracing vulnerability can be a source of strength and authenticity. It’s through confronting her own vulnerabilities that the protagonist begins to understand herself more deeply.

• Self-Awareness Through Experience: The desert journey forces her to confront aspects of herself she might have previously ignored or suppressed. This immersive experience fosters a heightened self-awareness, albeit one that is ongoing and evolving.

This emphasis on vulnerability and self-awareness makes “All Fours” a deeply human and relatable story. It suggests that true self-discovery is not about achieving perfection but about accepting and understanding one’s own imperfections with honesty and courage. Do you believe the novel effectively portrays the power of vulnerability in self-discovery?

2.2. Miranda July’s Distinctive Writing Style: Voice and Narrative

Miranda July’s unique voice extends beyond thematic concerns and into her narrative style, making her writing instantly recognizable. In “All Fours,” her distinctive approach to narration, structure, and language shapes the reader’s experience as much as the story itself. Understanding her stylistic choices is crucial to appreciating the novel’s full impact. Let’s dissect the elements that make July’s writing so distinctly her own.

2.2.1. First-Person Narration: Intimate and Unfiltered Access

“All Fours” is narrated entirely in the first person, granting readers direct and unfiltered access to the protagonist’s thoughts, feelings, and perceptions. This narrative choice is central to the novel’s intimacy and its ability to draw readers into the protagonist’s subjective world.

• Subjectivity and Bias: The first-person perspective inherently means we are experiencing the story through a biased lens—the protagonist’s. This subjectivity colors our understanding and invites readers to question and interpret her perspective.

• Interior Monologue: A significant portion of the novel is dedicated to the protagonist’s interior monologue, revealing her stream of consciousness, anxieties, and wry observations. This deep dive into her inner world creates a sense of immediate closeness.

• Direct Address (Implied): Though not explicitly addressing the reader, the narrative often feels conversational, as if the protagonist is directly confiding in the reader. This fosters a sense of complicity and engagement.

• Emotional Resonance: First-person narration is particularly effective for conveying emotional nuances. We experience the protagonist’s emotional shifts—from anxiety to curiosity, from humor to vulnerability—directly, amplifying the novel’s emotional impact.

This intimate first-person voice is a signature July style element, effectively blurring the lines between reader and protagonist and making the journey intensely personal and immersive. Does the first-person perspective enhance your connection with the protagonist’s journey?

2.2.2. Unconventional Structure: Playfulness and Disruption

“All Fours” deviates from traditional narrative structures, mirroring the protagonist’s impulsive and unconventional actions. July plays with time, linearity, and pacing, creating a reading experience that feels both deliberate and disorienting.

• Fragmented Narrative: The story unfolds in a non-linear fashion, interspersed with flashbacks and digressions, reflecting the protagonist’s wandering mind and the spontaneous nature of her journey. This fragmentation mirrors the messy reality of thought and experience.

• Pacing Variations: The novel’s pacing shifts intentionally. Moments of rapid action are interspersed with stretches of introspection or seemingly mundane occurrences. This variation in pace keeps the reader off balance and reflects the ebb and flow of real life.

• Disruptions and Surprises: July employs abrupt shifts in tone and unexpected plot developments, keeping the narrative dynamic and unpredictable. These disruptions mirror the protagonist’s own disruption of her routine and expectations.

• Open-Endedness: The lack of a neatly resolved ending is a structural choice that underscores the novel’s themes of ongoing self-discovery and the ambiguity of life. This open structure challenges conventional narrative closure.

This unconventional narrative structure isn’t merely stylistic; it’s integral to the novel’s themes and impact. It mirrors the protagonist’s journey of disruption and self-exploration, enhancing the feeling of unpredictability and authentic experience. Does the non-linear structure add to or detract from your engagement with the narrative?

2.2.3. Provocative and Thought-Provoking Language: Style and Impact

Miranda July’s writing style is characterized by its provocative and thought-provoking language. She employs precise and often unconventional vocabulary, coupled with a direct, sometimes blunt, manner of expression. Her language choices are crucial to conveying her distinctive voice and thematic concerns.

• Direct and Unfiltered: July’s prose is often direct and unflinching, particularly when describing intimate or uncomfortable situations. She avoids euphemisms and societal gloss, creating a sense of raw honesty.

• Precise Vocabulary: She uses precise language, often choosing slightly unusual or unexpected words to convey nuanced meanings. This precision adds depth and texture to her prose.

• Understated Emotional Impact: While the language is direct, the emotional impact is often delivered with understatement. July often conveys profound emotions through subtle gestures or understated observations, amplifying their resonance.

• Humorous Irony: Irony is a key linguistic tool for July. Her writing frequently employs ironic undertones, enhancing the humor and also layering meaning and critique within seemingly simple sentences.

• Contemporary Vernacular: July’s language feels very contemporary and vernacular, reflecting modern speech patterns and sensibilities. This makes her writing accessible and relatable, despite its often complex themes.

Through her carefully chosen language, July crafts a voice that is at once intimate, intelligent, and undeniably her own. This distinctive linguistic style is integral to the overall reading experience of “All Fours,” shaping its tone, themes, and impact. How does July’s language style influence your overall perception of the novel?

3. What are the Critics and Readers Saying About “All Fours”? – Reception and Reviews

3.1. Critical Acclaim and Praise: What the Experts Loved

“All Fours” has garnered considerable critical attention, marked by both significant praise and some points of contention. Critics who lauded the novel frequently highlighted several key aspects of July’s work.

• Originality and Unpredictability: Reviewers consistently praised the novel’s originality, noting its departure from conventional narrative structures and thematic explorations. The unpredictable plot twists and unconventional character choices were seen as refreshing and inventive. Publications like The New Yorker and The New York Times noted the book’s “thrillingly unpredictable” nature.

• Thematic Depth and Insight: Critics lauded the novel’s exploration of complex themes—female desire, existentialism, and modern alienation. July’s ability to weave these weighty themes with humor and lightness was particularly commended. Reviews in The Guardian emphasized the “intellectual and emotional depth” of the novel’s thematic inquiries.

• Sharp Prose and Voice: Miranda July’s distinctive voice and sharp prose style were widely praised. Critics admired her precise language, her ability to convey deep emotions with understatement, and her knack for crafting memorable and impactful sentences. The Los Angeles Review of Books highlighted July’s “unmistakable voice” and the novel’s “stylistic brilliance.”

• Provocative Exploration of Female Sexuality: The novel’s frank and boundary-pushing portrayal of female sexuality resonated positively with many critics. They appreciated July’s willingness to confront societal taboos and offer a nuanced and honest depiction of female desire beyond conventional narratives. Journals focusing on feminist literature applauded this aspect specifically.

• Humor and Emotional Range: The book’s blend of dark humor and emotional depth was widely appreciated. Critics noted that July’s humor prevented the novel from becoming overly heavy, while the emotional honesty ensured it remained profoundly resonant. Reviews in Kirkus Reviews called the novel “darkly funny and deeply moving.”

These points of critical praise underline the aspects of “All Fours” that resonate most powerfully with literary experts, cementing its position as a noteworthy and thought-provoking contemporary novel. Do these critical praises align with your expectations or initial impressions of the book?

3.2. Points of Criticism: Addressing the Negative Reviews

While “All Fours” received significant critical acclaim, it also faced its share of criticism. Some reviewers raised concerns and points of contention that are worth considering for a balanced perspective.

• Pacing and Structure Issues: Some critics found the unconventional narrative structure and pacing to be disorienting or uneven. They felt that the fragmented nature of the plot sometimes hindered the overall narrative flow and emotional engagement. Reviews in publications like Publisher’s Weekly pointed out pacing inconsistencies as a weakness.

• Protagonist’s Unrelatability: Although intended to be universally relatable, some readers and critics found the protagonist’s actions and inner monologue to be occasionally off-putting or unrelatable. Her intellectualized approach to emotions and her sometimes-detached demeanor did not connect with all readers.

• Lack of Conventional Plot Resolution: The ambiguous and open-ended conclusion was another point of criticism. Some readers expecting a clear resolution or transformative arc for the protagonist felt unsatisfied with the novel’s more nuanced and realistic, yet less definitive, ending. Critics from more mainstream reviewing platforms sometimes expressed a preference for more traditional resolutions.

• Overemphasis on the Absurd: While many appreciated the humor and absurdist elements, some reviewers felt that at times, the novel leaned too heavily into the absurd, potentially overshadowing the deeper emotional and thematic explorations. They suggested a better balance could have been achieved.

• Provocative Content May Alienate Some Readers: The explicit exploration of sexuality and the novel’s boundary-pushing nature, while praised by many, could potentially alienate readers uncomfortable with such frankness. Reviews anticipating broader audience appeal sometimes mentioned this as a potential limiting factor.

These criticisms, while valid points of discussion, are important to consider in conjunction with the widespread praise. They offer a more nuanced perspective and highlight that “All Fours,” like any artwork, may not resonate uniformly with all audiences and critics. Do these points of criticism give you pause or shape your expectations of the book?

3.3. Reader Reactions and Reviews: What are People Online Saying?

Beyond professional critics, the true measure of a book’s resonance often lies in the reactions and reviews from general readers. Online platforms such as Goodreads, Amazon, and social media provide a rich tapestry of reader opinions on “All Fours.” Analyzing these diverse perspectives offers a ground-level view of how the novel is being received by its intended audience. Let’s dive into the spectrum of reader feedback.

3.3.1. Positive Reader Feedback: Engaging Aspects and Resonance

Many readers online have expressed positive reactions to “All Fours,” echoing some of the critical praise but also highlighting aspects that particularly resonated with their personal reading experiences.

• Relatability of Midlife Awakening: A significant number of readers, especially those in midlife, reported finding the protagonist’s existential questioning and desire for change highly relatable. They connected with her feelings of stagnation and yearning for something ‘more’, making the novel’s themes personally relevant. Online reviews frequently used terms like “seen,” “understood,” and “validating” to describe their experience.

• Thought-Provoking and Intelligent: Readers consistently praised the novel’s intellectual depth and its capacity to provoke thought. They appreciated the complex themes, the nuanced characterization, and the novel’s refusal to offer easy answers. Comments often described the book as “smart,” “engaging,” and “mentally stimulating.”

• July’s Unique Voice and Style: Fans of Miranda July’s previous works and newcomers alike often highlighted her distinctive writing style as a major draw. They appreciated her quirky humor, her direct prose, and her ability to create intimacy and emotional impact through her unique narrative voice. Many reviewers used words like “distinctive,” “original,” and “fresh” to describe her style.

• Humor and Entertainment Value: Despite tackling serious themes, readers often noted the book’s comedic elements and its entertainment value. They found the dark humor and absurd situations engaging and appreciated the novel’s lightness amidst heavier subjects. Comments frequently mentioned “funny,” “witty,” and “entertaining,” often unexpectedly so.

• Courageous and Honest Portrayal of Female Experience: Readers, particularly women, often praised the novel’s courageous and honest depiction of female sexuality and midlife experience. They saw the novel as breaking new ground and offering a much-needed perspective. Reviews highlighted the “bravery,” “honesty,” and “authenticity” of the female portrayal.

These recurring themes in positive reader feedback highlight the aspects of “All Fours” that are successfully connecting with its audience, suggesting the novel is effectively tapping into contemporary reader sensibilities and experiences. Do these positive reactions encourage you to pick up the book?

3.3.2. Negative Reader Feedback: Challenging or Off-Putting Elements

Conversely, negative reader reviews offer insights into aspects of “All Fours” that may not resonate or may even alienate some readers. Understanding these perspectives is crucial for a balanced assessment.

• Unrelatable or Unlikeable Protagonist: A common thread in negative reviews is difficulty connecting with the protagonist. Some readers found her detached demeanor, intellectualized emotions, and sometimes-absurd actions unrelatable or even unlikeable. Comments often used terms like “distant,” “cold,” “self-absorbed,” and “frustrating.”

• Slow Pacing and Lack of Plot Drive: Some readers found the pacing slow and meandering, particularly those expecting a more plot-driven narrative. The focus on interior monologue and episodic encounters, rather than a strong overarching plot, was seen as a drawback. Reviews described the book as “slow,” “aimless,” and “lacking direction.”

• Too Abstract or Obscure: Certain readers found the novel’s thematic explorations and symbolic elements too abstract or obscure. They struggled to connect with the deeper meaning and felt the narrative was overly intellectual or pretentious. Comments sometimes referred to the book as “confusing,” “pretentious,” and “overly symbolic.”

• Humor Missed the Mark: While many appreciated the humor, for some readers, it missed the mark or even felt off-putting. The dark, ironic, and sometimes uncomfortable humor was not to everyone’s taste, and some found it jarring or ineffective. Reviews occasionally described the humor as “awkward,” “forced,” or “not funny.”

• Provocative Content Too Much for Some: As anticipated, the frank exploration of sexuality was a point of discomfort for some readers. Those sensitive to explicit content or those seeking more traditional narratives might find these aspects of “All Fours” challenging or even offensive. Some reviews explicitly mentioned feeling “uncomfortable,” “shocked,” or “turned off” by the sexual content.

These negative reviews, while representing a different perspective, are equally valuable in painting a comprehensive picture of “All Fours” and its reception. They underscore that the novel’s very strengths—its originality and boundary-pushing nature—can also be points of contention for certain readers. Do these negative points make you reconsider reading the book or prepare you for certain elements?

4. Is “All Fours” Worth Reading? – Readlogy’s In-depth Review

4.1. Strengths of “All Fours”: What the Book Does Exceptionally Well

“All Fours” by Miranda July is a novel brimming with distinctive strengths that make it a compelling and noteworthy read, even with its noted criticisms. Readlogy’s in-depth review highlights the core elements that elevate this book beyond conventional contemporary fiction.

4.1.1. Character Development: Believable and Relatable (or Intentionally Unsettling?)

While some readers found the protagonist unrelatable, Readlogy argues that the character development in “All Fours” is a significant strength, deliberately crafting a figure who is complex, flawed, and realistically human. Her “unrelatability” can be interpreted as an intentional mirroring of the alienation and existential questioning that many individuals experience but rarely articulate.

• Nuanced Portrayal of Internal Conflict: The novel excels at portraying the protagonist’s inner turmoil and contradictions. Her intellectual self-awareness clashes with her impulsive desires, creating a compelling internal conflict that drives the narrative.

• Realistic Flaws and Vulnerabilities: The protagonist is not idealized. She is flawed, at times selfish, and deeply vulnerable. These imperfections make her feel authentic and human, inviting empathy even when her actions are questionable.

• Evolutionary Arc (Subtle but Present): Though not a dramatic transformation, the protagonist undergoes a subtle but significant evolution. Her desert journey shifts her perspective and initiates a process of self-awareness and potential change, which, while open-ended, is deeply impactful.

• Emotional Depth Despite Detachment: Paradoxically, despite her often-detached demeanor, the protagonist’s emotional landscape is rich and nuanced. July masterfully conveys deep emotions—anxiety, longing, curiosity, and moments of vulnerability—often through understated gestures and internal monologues.

The character development in “All Fours” might not align with conventional notions of likeability, but its strength lies in its realism, complexity, and its ability to provoke thought and introspection about human nature itself. Do you appreciate character complexity even if it veers away from traditional “likeability”?

4.1.2. Thematic Depth and Relevance: Does it Say Something Meaningful?

“All Fours” is undeniably a thematically rich novel, delving into complex and pertinent issues with intelligence, humor, and sensitivity. Readlogy finds the thematic depth to be a central pillar of the book’s success and enduring value.

• Probing Existential Questions: The novel directly confronts profound existential questions about identity, purpose, and the search for meaning in midlife. These are universal human concerns, making the novel deeply relevant to a broad readership grappling with similar issues.

• Insightful Commentary on Modern Alienation and Intimacy: The book offers sharp and insightful commentary on the challenges of intimacy and the pervasive sense of isolation in contemporary society, even within established relationships. This commentary resonates strongly with current social dynamics.

• Breaking Ground in Female Sexuality: “All Fours” is groundbreaking in its frank and unapologetic exploration of female sexuality beyond conventional romantic or youthful narratives. It’s a significant contribution to contemporary feminist discourse and opens vital conversations.

• Humor as a Tool for Deeper Understanding: The novel skillfully uses humor—often dark and ironic—not just for levity but as a tool for exploring complex themes and offering a nuanced perspective on serious issues without resorting to didacticism or bleakness.

The thematic depth and relevance of “All Fours” elevate it beyond mere entertainment, making it a significant work that invites readers to engage with important contemporary issues and reflect on their own lives and societal context. Do you value thematic depth highly in your reading choices?

4.1.3. Originality and Innovation: Breaking New Ground in Fiction

Miranda July’s “All Fours” shines brightly due to its sheer originality and innovative approach to storytelling. Readlogy recognizes the novel as breaking new ground in contemporary fiction, both in its thematic explorations and its stylistic execution.

• Unconventional Narrative Structure: The fragmented, non-linear narrative mirrors the protagonist’s disrupted life and thoughts, creating a reading experience that is intentionally disorienting yet ultimately immersive and thought-provoking.

• Unique Voice and Perspective: Miranda July’s distinctive voice, combining sharp intellect with quirky humor and raw emotional honesty, is unlike anything else in contemporary literature. Her perspective is both fresh and deeply insightful.

• Boundary-Pushing Content: The novel pushes boundaries thematically, particularly in its portrayal of female sexuality, societal expectations, and midlife awakenings, challenging readers’ preconceptions and expanding the scope of contemporary fiction.

• Genre-Bending Approach: “All Fours” resists easy categorization, blending elements of literary fiction, dark comedy, and existential exploration into a genre-bending work that feels uniquely contemporary and cutting-edge.

This originality and innovative spirit are what make “All Fours” stand out in a crowded literary landscape. It’s not just a good book; it’s a distinctive and impactful work that pushes the boundaries of what contemporary fiction can be. Do you prioritize originality and innovation when choosing books to read?

4.1.4. Engagement and Pacing: Is it a Page-Turner?

While some criticisms focus on pacing, Readlogy argues that “All Fours” achieves engagement through different means than a conventional ‘page-turner’ thriller. Its engagement is intellectual and emotional, drawing readers into the protagonist’s internal world and the novel’s thematic inquiries.

• Intriguing First-Person Voice: The intimate and compelling first-person narration keeps readers engaged, drawing them into the protagonist’s thoughts and feelings. Her unique voice is a significant source of narrative drive.

• Unpredictable Plot Twists and Absurd Encounters: While not a plot-heavy novel, “All Fours” is peppered with unpredictable events and absurd encounters that maintain reader interest and create a sense of narrative momentum, albeit of a different kind than traditional plot-driven books.

• Thematic Curiosity: The novel’s thought-provoking themes and inquiries into identity, sexuality, and modern life are intrinsically engaging, prompting readers to consider these issues in their own lives and maintain their curiosity about where the novel will lead them thematically, if not plot-wise.

• Emotional Resonance and Connection: The emotional honesty and vulnerability in the narrative create a deep emotional connection with the protagonist, sustaining reader engagement even when the pacing might seem less overtly driven by external events.

“All Fours” may not be a fast-paced, action-packed read, but its engagement lies in its intellectual and emotional pull. It’s a book that invites contemplation and inward reflection, offering a different kind of immersive reading experience that can be just as captivating. Do you appreciate books that offer intellectual and emotional engagement even if they are not traditional “page-turners”?

4.2. Weaknesses of “All Fours”: Areas That Could Be Improved

While “All Fours” possesses numerous strengths, a balanced review must acknowledge its weaknesses. Readlogy identifies certain areas where the novel could potentially fall short for some readers or where further refinement might have enhanced its overall impact.

4.2.1. Pacing Issues or Plot Holes?

As noted in some critical reviews, pacing can be an area of concern in “All Fours.” The deliberate pacing and fragmented structure, while contributing to the novel’s unique style, may not resonate with all readers.

• Uneven Pacing: The pacing can feel uneven at times, with stretches of introspective reflection alternating with bursts of action or absurd encounters. This might disrupt the flow for readers preferring a more consistent narrative rhythm.

• Lack of Strong Plot Arc for Some: Readers accustomed to plot-driven narratives might find “All Fours” lacking in a strong overarching plot. The focus is more on the protagonist’s internal journey and episodic encounters, rather than a tightly structured plot with clear rising action and resolution.

• Potential for Pacing to Detract from Engagement (for Some): For readers seeking fast-paced narratives or clear plot progression, the novel’s pacing might detract from their overall engagement. Patience and a willingness to immerse in the protagonist’s interior world are required.

However, it’s crucial to acknowledge that the pacing is a deliberate stylistic choice, serving to enhance the themes of disruption and wandering. Whether it’s a weakness or a stylistic strength may depend on individual reader preferences. Do you typically prefer books with consistent pacing or are you open to varied narrative rhythms?

4.2.2. Character Likability or Relatability? (Intentional or Flaw?)

The protagonist’s relatability (or lack thereof) is another area of debate. While her complexity is a strength, her detached demeanor and sometimes-unconventional actions might make her less universally appealing.

• Potential for Protagonist to Seem Distant: The protagonist’s intellectualized emotions and at times detached observations might create a sense of distance for some readers. Her emotional reserve might make it harder for some to fully connect or empathize.

• Unconventional Actions May Alienate: Her spontaneous, and sometimes ethically ambiguous, actions may alienate readers who expect more morally grounded or traditionally likeable protagonists. Her choices are driven by internal needs, not necessarily societal norms.

• Relatability Subjective: Relatability is inherently subjective. What one reader finds relatable, another might not. For some, the protagonist’s struggles will resonate deeply; for others, she might remain an enigma.

Readlogy suggests that the protagonist’s potential “unlikability” or perceived lack of relatability could be an intentional element of July’s characterization, prompting readers to question their own expectations of protagonists and explore more complex, less conventionally appealing characters. Do you require protagonists to be “likable” for you to enjoy a novel?

4.2.3. Clarity of Message or Theme?

While thematically rich, “All Fours” intentionally avoids clear-cut answers or a definitive message. This ambiguity, while reflective of life’s complexities, might be frustrating for readers seeking a more conclusive thematic resolution.

• Ambiguity of Ending and Resolution: The novel’s open ending and lack of definitive resolution can be interpreted as both a strength (reflecting realism) and a weakness (lacking closure) depending on reader preferences.

• Themes Implicit Rather Than Explicit: The novel’s themes are often explored implicitly through the protagonist’s experiences and internal monologue, rather than explicitly stated or didactic. Readers must actively engage to unpack the thematic layers.

• Potential for Misinterpretation: The nuanced and subtle nature of the themes might lead to misinterpretations or a sense of lack of clear message for readers seeking more straightforward thematic communication.

This intentional ambiguity is a stylistic choice that aligns with the novel’s existential themes. Whether it’s a weakness depends on whether a reader prefers clear thematic takeaways or is comfortable with open-ended exploration and interpretation. Do you prefer books with clear messages or are you comfortable with ambiguity?

4.2.4. Potential Triggering Content or Sensitive Themes?

Given the frank exploration of sexuality and existential distress, “All Fours” contains content that might be triggering or uncomfortable for some readers. It’s important to acknowledge these potential sensitivities.

• Explicit Sexual Content: The novel features explicit descriptions of sexual encounters that might be uncomfortable for readers sensitive to such content. While not gratuitous, it is a direct and unflinching portrayal of sexuality.

• Themes of Existential Anxiety and Midlife Crisis: The novel’s focus on existential angst, identity crisis, and feelings of stagnation might be emotionally challenging for readers currently experiencing similar struggles or those sensitive to these themes.

• Non-Traditional Relationship Dynamics: The portrayal of marriage and intimate relationships might be unconventional and challenge societal norms, which could be unsettling for readers with more traditional perspectives on relationships.

Prospective readers should be aware of these potential sensitivities before engaging with “All Fours.” While these elements are integral to the novel’s thematic depth and boundary-pushing nature, they may not be suitable for all readers. Are you sensitive to triggering content and do you research content warnings before reading?

4.3. Who Should Read “All Fours”? Target Audience and Reader Recommendations

“All Fours” by Miranda July is not a book for every reader, but for the right audience, it offers a uniquely rewarding and thought-provoking experience. Readlogy defines the ideal readers and identifies those who might find it less appealing.

4.3.1. Ideal Readers: Who Will Appreciate This Book Most?

• Fans of Miranda July’s Other Works: Readers already familiar with and appreciative of Miranda July’s films, performance art, or previous writing will likely find “All Fours” a natural and compelling extension of her unique artistic vision.

• Readers Interested in Contemporary Feminist Literature: Those drawn to contemporary feminist narratives and books that explore female experiences beyond conventional tropes will find “All Fours” to be a particularly resonant and boundary-pushing work.

• Readers Who Enjoy Character-Driven and Thematically Rich Novels: If you value novels that prioritize deep character exploration, nuanced thematic inquiries, and intelligent prose over fast-paced plots, “All Fours” is likely to be a strong match.

• Readers Open to Unconventional Narrative Structures and Styles: Readers who appreciate innovative and non-linear storytelling, distinctive voices, and books that break from traditional narrative conventions will find July’s style refreshing and engaging.

• Readers Contemplating Existential Questions or Midlife Transitions: Those currently grappling with existential questions about identity, purpose, or navigating midlife transitions will find the protagonist’s journey and the novel’s themes particularly relevant and thought-provoking.

• Readers Who Appreciate Dark Humor and Provocative Content: Readers who enjoy dark humor, ironic wit, and novels that tackle potentially uncomfortable or taboo subjects with frankness will appreciate the novel’s tone and thematic content.

If these reader profiles resonate with you, “All Fours” is highly likely to be a book that you will find rewarding, thought-provoking, and ultimately satisfying. Do you identify with any of these ideal reader profiles?

4.3.2. Readers Who Might Not Enjoy It: Potential Disconnects

Conversely, “All Fours” might not be the best choice for certain types of readers, due to its style, themes, and pacing. Identifying these potential disconnects helps manage expectations.

• Readers Seeking Fast-Paced, Plot-Driven Thrillers: Readers primarily drawn to fast-paced thrillers or plot-driven genres will likely find “All Fours” slow-paced and lacking in external action, potentially leading to disappointment.

• Readers Who Dislike Unconventional Narrative Structures: Those who prefer linear, straightforward narratives and may find fragmented or non-linear structures disorienting or frustrating will likely struggle with the novel’s unconventional structure.

• Readers Who Dislike Unlikeable or Unrelatable Protagonists: If reader enjoyment heavily relies on connecting with a likeable and traditionally relatable protagonist, the detached and sometimes morally ambiguous nature of the protagonist in “All Fours” might be off-putting.

• Readers Sensitive to Explicit Sexual Content: Readers sensitive to explicit sexual descriptions or uncomfortable with frank portrayals of sexuality may find the novel’s content challenging or triggering.

• Readers Seeking Light or Escapist Reads: “All Fours” is not a light or escapist read. Its thematic depth, existential inquiries, and at times, darker tone, make it a more demanding and introspective reading experience, not suited for those seeking pure entertainment or escapism.

• Readers Seeking Clear Answers and Resolutions: Readers who prefer novels with clear-cut answers, resolutions, and definitive thematic messages might find “All Fours”’s ambiguity and open-ended nature unsatisfying.

Understanding these potential disconnects allows readers to make informed decisions about whether “All Fours” aligns with their reading preferences and expectations, ensuring a more positive and fitting reading experience. Do any of these descriptions of readers who might not enjoy the book resonate with your reading preferences?

5. Comparing “All Fours” to Miranda July’s Other Works and Similar Books

5.1. “All Fours” in the Context of Miranda July’s Oeuvre: Evolution and Consistency

“All Fours” is not Miranda July’s debut into the world of storytelling. Analyzing it within the context of her existing body of work—including her films (Me and You and Everyone We Know, The Future, Kajillionaire) and her short story collection (No One Belongs Here More Than You)—reveals both thematic and stylistic continuities and some noteworthy evolutions.

• Consistent Thematic Preoccupations: “All Fours” shares recurring thematic threads with July’s previous work, such as explorations of loneliness and intimacy in modern life, existential anxieties, and quirky characters navigating social awkwardness. Her signature exploration of human connection (and disconnection) persists.

• Distinctive Authorial Voice Maintained: July’s unmistakable voice—characterized by its blend of intellect, vulnerability, wry humor, and intimate first-person perspective—remains a consistent and defining element in “All Fours,” much like her films and stories.

• Expanded Exploration of Female Sexuality (Evolution): While sexuality is present in her earlier works, “All Fours” delves into female sexuality with a new level of explicitness and frankness, representing an evolution in her thematic and stylistic boundaries.

• Narrative Scope and Structure (Evolution): As her first novel, “All Fours” represents an expansion in narrative scope compared to her short stories. While maintaining unconventional structure, the longer format allows for deeper character development and more nuanced thematic exploration than shorter forms.

• Continuing Playfulness with Absurdity and Humor: July’s playful use of absurdity and her dark, often uncomfortable humor continue to be defining characteristics of her storytelling in “All Fours,” consistent with her signature style across different mediums.

“All Fours” firmly establishes itself as a quintessential Miranda July work, echoing familiar themes and stylistic approaches while also demonstrating a notable evolution in her exploration of certain subjects, particularly female sexuality, and showcasing her mastery over a longer narrative form. If you are familiar with Miranda July’s other work, does “All Fours” feel like a natural progression or a departure?

5.2. Books Like “All Fours”: Exploring Similar Themes and Styles

To further understand “All Fours” and its place within contemporary literature, it’s helpful to identify books that explore similar themes or utilize comparable stylistic approaches. Readlogy recommends titles for readers who appreciated “All Fours” and seek out related reading experiences.

5.2.1. If You Liked “All Fours”, You Might Also Enjoy… (Recommendations)

For readers who resonated with the themes and style of “All Fours,” Readlogy suggests the following titles, which share overlapping sensibilities:

• “My Year of Rest and Relaxation” by Ottessa Moshfegh: This novel also features an unconventional female protagonist navigating existential ennui with dark humor and explores themes of alienation and self-discovery through somewhat absurdist actions. Moshfegh’s sharp, often cynical, prose shares similarities with July’s.

• “Fleabag: The Scriptures” by Phoebe Waller-Bridge: While technically a play script adapted from a TV series, “Fleabag” embodies a similar blend of dark humor, raw emotional honesty, and exploration of female sexuality and loneliness through a direct, intimate first-person voice, reminiscent of “All Fours.”

• “Conversations with Friends” by Sally Rooney: Rooney’s novel also delves into the complexities of modern relationships, intimacy, and identity in a contemporary setting, often with a focus on intellectual and emotionally articulate characters navigating complex feelings. While Rooney’s style is less overtly comedic, her thematic concerns and nuanced characterizations share common ground with July’s work.

• “Outline” by Rachel Cusk (and the Outline Trilogy): Cusk’s novel series, beginning with “Outline,” employs a fragmented narrative structure and introspective, analytical voice to explore themes of identity, relationships, and self-discovery in a contemporary context. While Cusk’s style is more understated, her thematic explorations resonate with those in “All Fours.”

• “Dept. of Speculation” by Jenny Offill: This novel, similar in its brevity and fragmented narrative, explores the messy realities of marriage, motherhood, and creative life, with a witty and introspective voice. Offill’s style balances humor and pathos in a way that aligns with July’s approach.

These recommendations offer pathways for readers to explore similar thematic and stylistic territories explored in “All Fours,” providing avenues for further engagement with contemporary novels that are intellectually stimulating, emotionally resonant, and stylistically innovative. Do any of these recommendations pique your interest based on your enjoyment of (or interest in) “All Fours”?

6. Where to Buy “All Fours” and Engage Further? – Practical Information

6.1. Purchasing Options: Formats and Retailers

For readers interested in purchasing “All Fours,” Readlogy provides practical information on available formats and retailers:

• Hardcover: The traditional physical format, readily available at most major bookstores and online retailers.

  • Retailers: Amazon, Barnes & Noble, IndieBound (support local bookstores).

• Paperback: A more portable and often more affordable physical format. Availability may vary depending on release dates.

  • Retailers: Amazon, Barnes & Noble, IndieBound, Target, Walmart.

• Ebook: For digital reading on devices like Kindle, Nook, or tablets.

  • Platforms: Kindle Store, Apple Books, Google Play Books, Kobo.

• Audiobook: For listening, often available through audiobook platforms.

  • Platforms: Audible, Libby (through local libraries), Spotify, Google Play Books.

• Library: A cost-effective option. Check your local library system for physical copies or ebook/audiobook availability through services like Libby or OverDrive.

Tip for Purchase: Supporting local independent bookstores through IndieBound or Bookshop.org is a great way to ensure a diverse and thriving bookselling ecosystem.

Choose the format that best suits your reading preferences and accessibility needs. Are you planning to purchase “All Fours” in a specific format, or borrow it from a library?

6.2. Join the Conversation: Book Clubs and Online Discussions

Reading “All Fours” is just the beginning. Engage more deeply with the novel and other readers through book clubs and online discussions:

• Start a Local Book Club: Initiate a book club with friends or community members to discuss “All Fours” and explore its themes collectively. Book club discussion guides are often available online.

• Join Online Book Communities: Participate in online book discussions on platforms like Goodreads, Reddit (r/books, r/BookClub), or dedicated book forums. Share your thoughts, read other reviews, and engage in conversations.

• Social Media Hashtags: Follow and participate in conversations using relevant hashtags on social media platforms like Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok. #AllFours #MirandaJuly #BookReview #LiteraryFiction

• Author Events (Virtual or In-Person): Check Miranda July’s website or social media for potential book tour events, readings, or interviews where you can engage with her work directly. Many author events are now online, increasing accessibility.

• Online Book Review Sites: Contribute your own review to platforms like Goodreads, Amazon, or Readlogy. Share your perspective and help other readers discover the book.

By joining conversations and communities around “All Fours,” you enrich your reading experience, gain new perspectives, and become part of a broader literary dialogue. Are you likely to join a book club or online discussion about “All Fours”?

Conclusion:

“All Fours” by Miranda July is more than just a novel; it’s an experience—provocative, insightful, darkly humorous, and undeniably original. Readlogy’s deep dive into this work reveals a book that is both challenging and deeply rewarding, particularly for readers seeking contemporary fiction that dares to push boundaries, explore complex themes, and offer a uniquely intelligent and intimate voice. While it may not appeal to every reader, for those who resonate with its unconventional approach and thematic concerns, “All Fours” is a compelling and memorable literary journey. Ready to embark on your own exploration with Miranda July’s “All Fours”? Readlogy encourages you to pick up a copy, delve into its layers, and discover if this unique novel sparks your own personal awakening and intellectual curiosity.